Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with Asian American Patients in an Acute Psychiatric Partial Hospital Program
Keywords:
cognitive behavioral therapy, Asian American, partial hospital, empirically supported treatment, treatment outcomesAbstract
Previous studies have suggested that Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) would be a compatible treatment for Asian mental health patients; however, there is a dearth of empirical research on the use of CBT in clinical treatment. This is the first study that examined the effectiveness of CBT on the psychiatric symptom severity of depression, anxiety, psychological well-being, and quality of life for Asian American patients in naturalistic settings. Fourteen males and 29 females, ages 18 to 40, received intensive CBT treatment in an acute psychiatric partial hospital. The Behavior and Symptom Identification Scale-24 (BASIS-24) was used to assess functioning level, the Center for the Epidemiological Studies of Depression- 10 (CESD-10) was used to measure depression, the Penn State Worry Questionnaire-Abbreviated (PSWQ- A) was used to measure anxiety level, and the Schwartz Outcome Scale (SOS) was used to assess overall psychological health at pre- and post-test. Repeated measure t-tests were performed to examine change in symptom severity and overall psychological health from pre to post-CBT treatment. Results revealed significant decreases in levels of depression and anxiety symptom and increases in psychological well-being and overall functioning level after treatment (all ps < .001). Thus, the findings provided support for the effectiveness of CBT as a treatment for Asian American patients within an acute psychiatric partial hospital.
References
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Borkovec TD, Costello E. Efficacy of applied relaxation and cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1993;61:611–619.
Ladouceur R, Dugas MJ, Freeston MH, et al. Efficacy of a cognitive- behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a controlled clinical study. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000;68:957-964.
Blais MA, Lenderking WR, Baer L, deLorell A, et al. Development and initial validation of a brief mental health outcome measure. J Pers Assess. 1999;73:359-373.
Young JL, Waehler CA, Laux JM, McDaniel PS, Hilsenroth MJ. Four studies extending the utility of the Schwartz Outcome Scale (SOS-10). J Pers Assess. 2003;80:130-138.
Hollon SD, Ponniah K. A review of empirically supported psychological therapies for mood disorders in adults. Depress Anxiety. 2010;27:458-469.
Alden LE, Sochting I, Shen EK, Tsang P. Cognitive behavioral therapy for depression in Chinese immigrants: Comparison to treatment-as- usual. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training. 2006;43:518-530.
Iwamasa GY, Hsia C, Hinton D. Cognitive-behavioral therapy with Asian Americans. In P.A. Hays & G.Y. Iwamasa (Eds.), Culturally responsive cognitive-behavioral therapy: Assessment, practice, and supervision. Washington DC: American Psychological Association. 2006:117-140.
Neuhaus E C, Christopher M, Jacob K, Guillaumot J, Burns JP. Short- term cognitive behavioral partial hospital treatment: a pilot study. J Psychiatr Pract. 2007;13:298-307.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Mental health: Culture, race, and ethnicity – A supplement to mental health: A report of the surgeon general. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Office of the Surgeon General. 2001.
US Census Bureau. The Asian Population: 2010. Washington, DC: United States Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration. 2010.
Kalibatseva Z, Leong F T. Depression among Asian Americans: review and recommendations. Depress Res Treat. 2011:320902.
Sue S, Cheng JK Y, Saad C S, Chu J P. Asian American mental health: a call to action. Am Psychol. 2012;67:532.
Chen SW-H., Davenport DS. Cognitive-behavioral therapy with Chinese American clients: Cautions and modifications. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training. 2005;42:101-110.
Hodges J, Oei, TPS. Would Confucius benefit from psychotherapy? The compatibility of cognitive behaviour therapy and Chinese values. Behav Res Ther. 2007;45:901-914.
Hwang W-C, Wood JJ, Lin K-M, Cheung F. Cognitive-behavioral therapy with Chinese Americans: Research, theory, and clinical practice. Cogn Behav Pract. 2006;13:293-303.
Hong GK, Ham MD. Psychotherapy and counseling with Asian American clients. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. 2001.
Shen EK, Alden LE, Sochting I, Tsang P. Clinical observations of a Cantonese cognitive-behavioral treatment program for Chinese immigrants. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training. 2006;43:518-530.
Horrell SCV. Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy with adult ethnic minority clients: A review. Prof Psychol Res Pr. 2008;39:160-168.
Dai Y, Zhang S, Yamamoto J, Ao M, Berlin TR, Cheung F, et al. Cognitive-behavioral therapy of minor depressive symptoms in elderly Chinese Americans: A pilot study. Community Mental Health. 1999;35:537-542.
Chen J, Nakano Y, Ietzugu T, Ogawa S, Funayama T, et al. Group cognitive behavior therapy for Japanese patients with social anxiety disorder: preliminary outcomes and their predictors. BMC Psychiatry. 2007;7:69-79.
Wong DFK. Cognitive behavioral treatment groups for people with chronic depression in Hong Kong: A randomized wait-list control design. Depress Anxiety. 2008;25:142-148.
Kiser LJ, Lefkovitz PM, Kennedy LL, Knight M.A. Continuum of ambulatory behavioral health services. Association of Ambulatory Behavioral Health Services; 2010. Retrieved from http://www.aabh.org/content/continuum-ambulatory-behavioral-health- services.
Chambless DL, Hollon SD. Defining empirically supported therapies. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1998;66:7-18.
Hinton DE, Chhean D, Pich V, Safren SA, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavior therapy for Cambodian refugees with treatment-resistant PTSD and panic attacks: A cross-over design. J Trauma Stress. 2005;18:617-629.
Hinton DE, Pham T, Tran M, Safren SA, et al. CBT for Vietnamese refugees with treatment-resistant PTSD and panic attacks: A cross-over design. J Trauma Stress. 2004;16:81-91.
Uba L. Asian Americans: Personality patterns, identity, and mental health. New York: Guilford Press. 1994.
Neuhaus EC. Fixed values and a flexible partial hospital program model. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2006;14:1-14.
Sheehan DV, Lecrubier Y, Harnett-Sheehan K, et al. The M.I.N.I. International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): The Development and Validation of a Structured Diagnostic Psychiatric Interview. J Clin Psychiatry. 1998;59:22-33.
Eisen SV, Normand SLT, Belanger, Spiro A, Esch D. The Revised Behavior and Symptom Identification Scale BASIS-R. Med Care. 2004;42:1230-1241.
Eisen SV, Gerena M, Ranganathan G, Esch D, Idiculla T. Reliability and validity of the BASIS-24 mental health survey for Whites, African-Americans, and Latinos. J Behav Health Serv Res. 2006;33:304-323.
Andresen EM, Malmgren JA, Carter WB, Patrick DL. Screening for depression in well older adults: evaluation of a short form of the CES- D (center for epidemiologic studies depression scale). Am J Prev Med. 1994;10:77-84.
Shean G, Baldwin G. Sensitivity and specificity of depression questionnaires in a college-age sample. J Genet Psychol. 2008;169:281-292.
Carpenter J, Andrykowski M, Wilson J, Hall L, Rayens M, et al. Psychometrics for two short forms of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 1998;19:481-494.
Irwin M, Artin K, Oxman M. Screening for depression in the older adult, Arch Intern Med. 1999;159:1701-1704.
Hopko D, Reas D, Beck J, Stanley M, et al. Assessing worry in older adults: Confirmatory factor analysis of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire and psychometric properties of an abbreviated model. Psychol Assess. 2003;15:173-183.
Meyer TJ, Miller M L, Metzger R L, Borkovec TD. Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 1990;28:487-495.
Barlow DH, Rapee RM, Brown TA. Behavioral treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Ther. 1992;23:551–570.
Borkovec TD, Costello E. Efficacy of applied relaxation and cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1993;61:611–619.
Ladouceur R, Dugas MJ, Freeston MH, et al. Efficacy of a cognitive- behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a controlled clinical study. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000;68:957-964.
Blais MA, Lenderking WR, Baer L, deLorell A, et al. Development and initial validation of a brief mental health outcome measure. J Pers Assess. 1999;73:359-373.
Young JL, Waehler CA, Laux JM, McDaniel PS, Hilsenroth MJ. Four studies extending the utility of the Schwartz Outcome Scale (SOS-10). J Pers Assess. 2003;80:130-138.
Hollon SD, Ponniah K. A review of empirically supported psychological therapies for mood disorders in adults. Depress Anxiety. 2010;27:458-469.
Alden LE, Sochting I, Shen EK, Tsang P. Cognitive behavioral therapy for depression in Chinese immigrants: Comparison to treatment-as- usual. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training. 2006;43:518-530.
Iwamasa GY, Hsia C, Hinton D. Cognitive-behavioral therapy with Asian Americans. In P.A. Hays & G.Y. Iwamasa (Eds.), Culturally responsive cognitive-behavioral therapy: Assessment, practice, and supervision. Washington DC: American Psychological Association. 2006:117-140.
Neuhaus E C, Christopher M, Jacob K, Guillaumot J, Burns JP. Short- term cognitive behavioral partial hospital treatment: a pilot study. J Psychiatr Pract. 2007;13:298-307.
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Published
2016-01-15
How to Cite
Tang, J., Li, C., Rogers, R., & Ballou, M. (2016). Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with Asian American Patients in an Acute Psychiatric Partial Hospital Program. North American Journal of Medicine and Science, 8(4). Retrieved from https://najms.com/index.php/najms/article/view/75
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