Comorbidity of Autism Spectrum and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders
Keywords:
autistic spectrum disorder, mental flexibility, stress, cortisolAbstract
In this paper, we review aspects of the comorbidity between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in a representative manner. We consider issues of co-morbidity more generally, and then review the rates of OCD and ASD separately, before considering them together. We then consider aspects of the function significance of the interaction of the two conditions, and call for additional research into this important overlap of symptoms.
References
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Simonoff E, Pickles A, Charman T, Chandler S, Loucas T, Baird G.
Psychiatric disorders in children with autism spectrum disorders: prevalence, comorbidity, and associated factors in a population-derived sample. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2008;47:921-929.
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Ruscio AM, Stein DJ, Chiu WT, Kessler RC. The Epidemiology of obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Mol Psychiatry. 2010;15:53-63.
Leonard HL, Lenane MC, Swedo SE, Rettew DC, Gershon ES, Rapoport JL. Tics and Tourette's Disorder: a 2- to 7-year follow-up of 54 obsessive-compulsive children. Am J Psychiatry. 1992;149:1244- 1251.
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Rosenberg RE1, Law JK, Yenokyan G, McGready J, Kaufmann WE, Law PA. Characterisitics and concordance of autism spectrum disorders among 277 twin pairs. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009;163:907-914.
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Leyfer OT, Folstein SE, Bacalman S, et al. Comorbid psychiatric disorders in children with autism: interview development and rates of disorders. J Autism Dev Disord. 2006;36:849-861.
Ivarsson, T, Melin K. Autism spectrum traits in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). J Anxiety Disord. 2008;22:969-978.
Fombonne EL. Tidmarsh, and Epidemiologic data on Asperger disorder Child and Adolescent. Psychiat Clin North Am. 2003;12:15- 21.
Farrugia S, Hudson J. Anxiety in adolescents with Asperger syndrome: Negative thoughts, behavioral problems, and life interference. Focus Autism Other Dev Disabl. 2006;21:25-35.
Gillott A. Anxiety in high-functioning children with autism. Autism. 2001;5:277-286.
Fombonne EL. Tidmarsh, and Epidemiologic data on Asperger disorder Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America. Psychiatric Clin North Am. 2003;12:15-21.
Green J, Gilchrist A, Burton D, Cox A. Social and psychiatric functioning in adolescents with Asperger syndrome compared with conduct disorder. J Autism Dev Disord. 2000;30:279-293.
Rumsey JM, Rapoport JL, Sceery WR. Autistic children as adults: psychiatric, social, and behavioral. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry. 1985;24:465-473.
Bejerot S, Gross-Isseroff R, Weizman A. Autism Spectrum Disorders, Autistic Traits and Personality Disorders in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Comorbidity. Nova Science Publishers, Inc. 2006.
Bejerot S, Nylander L, Lindstrom E. Autistic traits in obsessive- compulsive disorder. Nord J Psychiatry. 2001;55:169-176.
Jacob S, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Leckman JF. Autism spectrum and obsessive-compulsive disorders: OC behaviors, phenotypes and genetics. Autism Res. 2009;2:293-311.
Gross-Isseroff R, Hermesh H, Weizman A. Obsessive compulsive behavior in autism-towards an autistic-obsessive compulsive syndrome? WJ Biol Psychiatry. 2001;2:193-197.
Murray K, Jassi A, Mataix-Cols D, Barrow F, Krebs G. Outcomes of cognitive behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder in young people with and without autism spectrum disorders: A case controlled study. Psychiatry Res. 2015;228:8-13.
Spiker MA. Restriced interests and anxiety in children with autism. Autism. 2012;16:306-320.
Woodman AC, Smith LE, Greenberg JS, Mailick MR. Change in autism symptoms and maladaptive behaviors in adolescence and adulthood: the role of positive family processes. J Autism Dev Disord. 2015;45:111-126.
Ashburner J, Ziviani J, Rodger S. Sensory processing and classroom emotional, behavioral, and educational outcomes in children with autism spectrum disorder. Am J Occup Ther. 2008;62:564-573.
Abrahams BS, Geschwind DH. Advances in autism genetics: on the threshold of a new neurobiology. Nat Rev Genet. 2008;9:341-355.
Lesseur C, Paquette AG, Marsit CJ. Epigenetic regulation of infant
neurobehavioral outcomes. Med Epigenet. 2014;2:71-79.
Levy SE, Giarelli E, Lee LC, et al. Autism spectrum disorder and co- occuring developmental , psychiatric, and medical conditions among children in multiple populations of the United States. J Dev Behav
Pediatr. 2010;31:267-275.
Simonoff E, Pickles A, Charman T, Chandler S, Loucas T, Baird G.
Psychiatric disorders in children with autism spectrum disorders: prevalence, comorbidity, and associated factors in a population-derived sample. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2008;47:921-929.
American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). 2013. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association.
Ruscio AM, Stein DJ, Chiu WT, Kessler RC. The Epidemiology of obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Mol Psychiatry. 2010;15:53-63.
Leonard HL, Lenane MC, Swedo SE, Rettew DC, Gershon ES, Rapoport JL. Tics and Tourette's Disorder: a 2- to 7-year follow-up of 54 obsessive-compulsive children. Am J Psychiatry. 1992;149:1244- 1251.
Anholt GE, Aderka IM, van Balkom AJ, et al. Age of onset in obsessisve-compulsive disorder: admixture analysis with a large sample. Psychol Med. 2014;44:185-194.
Bienvenu OJ, Samuels JF, Riddle MA, et al. The Relationship of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder to Possible Spectrum Disorders: Results from a Family Study. Biol Psychiatry. 2000;48:287-293.
Gadke DL, McKinney C, Oliveros A. Autism spectrum disorder symptoms and comorbidity in emerging adults. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2015. [in print]
Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network Surveillance Year 2010 Principal Investigators; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2014;63:1-21.
Williams JG, Higgins JP, Brayne CE. Systematic Review of Prevalence Studies of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Arch Dis Child. 2005;91:8-15.
Rosenberg RE1, Law JK, Yenokyan G, McGready J, Kaufmann WE, Law PA. Characterisitics and concordance of autism spectrum disorders among 277 twin pairs. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009;163:907-914.
Hallmayer J1, Cleveland S, Torres A, et al., Genetic heritability and shared environmental factors among twin pairs with autism. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011;68:1095-1102.
Ronald A, HappéF, Bolton P, et al. Genetic heterogeneity between the three components of the autism spectrum: A twin study. J Am. Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006;45:691-699.
Taniai H, Nishiyama T, Miyachi T, Imaeda M, Sumi S. Genetic influences on the board spectrum of autism: Study of proband- ascertained twins. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2008;147:844-849.
Ozonoff S1, Young GS, Carter A, et al. Recurrence risk for autism spectrum disorders: A Baby Siblings Research Consortium study. Pediatrics. 2011;128:e488-e495.
Sumi S, Taniai H, Miyachi T, Tanemura M. Sibling risk of pervasive developmental disorder estimated by means of an epidemiologic survey in Nagoya, Japan. J Hum Genet. 2006;51:518-522.
Leyfer OT, Folstein SE, Bacalman S, et al. Comorbid psychiatric disorders in children with autism: interview development and rates of disorders. J Autism Dev Disord. 2006;36:849-861.
Ivarsson, T, Melin K. Autism spectrum traits in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). J Anxiety Disord. 2008;22:969-978.
Fombonne EL. Tidmarsh, and Epidemiologic data on Asperger disorder Child and Adolescent. Psychiat Clin North Am. 2003;12:15- 21.
Farrugia S, Hudson J. Anxiety in adolescents with Asperger syndrome: Negative thoughts, behavioral problems, and life interference. Focus Autism Other Dev Disabl. 2006;21:25-35.
Gillott A. Anxiety in high-functioning children with autism. Autism. 2001;5:277-286.
Fombonne EL. Tidmarsh, and Epidemiologic data on Asperger disorder Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America. Psychiatric Clin North Am. 2003;12:15-21.
Green J, Gilchrist A, Burton D, Cox A. Social and psychiatric functioning in adolescents with Asperger syndrome compared with conduct disorder. J Autism Dev Disord. 2000;30:279-293.
Rumsey JM, Rapoport JL, Sceery WR. Autistic children as adults: psychiatric, social, and behavioral. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry. 1985;24:465-473.
Bejerot S, Gross-Isseroff R, Weizman A. Autism Spectrum Disorders, Autistic Traits and Personality Disorders in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Comorbidity. Nova Science Publishers, Inc. 2006.
Bejerot S, Nylander L, Lindstrom E. Autistic traits in obsessive- compulsive disorder. Nord J Psychiatry. 2001;55:169-176.
Jacob S, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Leckman JF. Autism spectrum and obsessive-compulsive disorders: OC behaviors, phenotypes and genetics. Autism Res. 2009;2:293-311.
Gross-Isseroff R, Hermesh H, Weizman A. Obsessive compulsive behavior in autism-towards an autistic-obsessive compulsive syndrome? WJ Biol Psychiatry. 2001;2:193-197.
Murray K, Jassi A, Mataix-Cols D, Barrow F, Krebs G. Outcomes of cognitive behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder in young people with and without autism spectrum disorders: A case controlled study. Psychiatry Res. 2015;228:8-13.
Spiker MA. Restriced interests and anxiety in children with autism. Autism. 2012;16:306-320.
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Published
2016-01-15
How to Cite
Stone, W. S., & Chen, G. (2016). Comorbidity of Autism Spectrum and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders. North American Journal of Medicine and Science, 8(3). Retrieved from https://najms.com/index.php/najms/article/view/85
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Review
